Fonte : http://psychology.about.com/od/intelligence/fl/IQ-or-EQ-Which-One-Is-More-Important.htm
In his 1996 book Emotional
Intelligence, author Daniel Goleman suggested that EQ (or emotional
intelligence quotient) might actually be more important than IQ. Why? Some
psychologists believe that standard measures of intelligence (i.e. IQ scores)
are too narrow and do not encompass the full range of human intelligence.
Instead, they suggest, the ability to understand and express emotions can play
an equal if not even more important role in how people fare in life.
What's the Difference Between IQ and EQ?
Let's start by defining
the two terms in order to understand what they mean and how they differ. IQ, or
intelligence quotient, is a number derived from a standardized intelligence
test. On the original IQ tests, scores were calculated by dividing the
individual's mental age by his or her chronological age and then multiplying
that number by 100. So a child with a mental age of 15 and a chronological age
of 10 would have an IQ of 150. Today, scores on most IQ tests are calculated by
comparing the test taker's score to the scores of other people in the same age
group.
EQ, on the other hand, is
a measure of a person's level of emotional intelligence. This refers to a
person's ability to perceive, control, evaluate, and express emotions.
Researchers such as John Mayer and Peter Salovey as well as writers like Daniel
Goleman have helped shine a light on emotional intelligence, making it a hot
topic in areas ranging from business management to education.
Since the 1990s,
emotional intelligence has made the journey from a semi-obscure concept found
in academic journals to a popularly recognized term. Today, you can buy toys
that claim to help boost a child's emotional intelligence or enroll your kids
in social and emotional learning (SEL) programs designed to teach emotional
intelligence skills. In some schools in the United States, social and emotional
learning is even a curriculum requirement.
So Which One Is More Important?
At one point in time, IQ
was viewed as the primary determinant of success. People with high IQs were
assumed to be destined for a life of accomplishment and achievement and
researchers debated whether intelligence was the product of genes or the
environment (the old nature versus nurture debate). However, some
critics began to realize that not only was high intelligence no guarantee for
success in life, it was also perhaps too narrow a concept to fully encompass
the wide range of human abilities and knowledge.
IQ is still recognized as
an important element of success, particularly when it comes to academic
achievement. People with high IQs typically to
do well in school, often earn more money, and tend to be healthier in general.
But today experts recognize it is not the only determinate of life success.
Instead, it is part of a complex array of influences that includes emotional
intelligence among other things.
The concept of emotional
intelligence has had a strong impact in a number of areas, including the
business world. Many companies now mandate emotional intelligence training and
utilize EQ tests as part of the hiring process. Research has found that
individuals with strong leadership potential
also tend to be more emotionally intelligent, suggesting that a high EQ is an
important quality for business leaders and managers to have.
So you might be
wondering, if emotional intelligence is so important, can it be taught or
strengthened? According to one meta-analysis that looked at the results of
social and emotional learning programs, the answer to that question is an
unequivocal yes. The study found that approximately 50 percent of kids enrolled
in SEL programs had better achievement scores and almost 40 percent showed
improved grade-point-averages. These programs were also linked to lowered
suspension rates, increased school attendance, and reduced disciplinary
problems.
Observations
·
"…a
national insurance company found that sales agents who were weak in emotional
competencies such as self-confidence, initiative, and empathy sold policies
with an average premium of $54,000. Not bad, right? Well, compared to agents
who scored high in a majority of emotional competencies, they sold policies
worth an average of $114,000."
(Cooper, 2013)
(Cooper, 2013)
·
"Research
carried out by the Carnegie Institute of Technology shows that 85 percent of
your financial success is due to skills in “human engineering,” your
personality and ability to communicate, negotiate, and lead. Shockingly, only
15 percent is due to technical knowledge. Additionally, Nobel Prize winning
Israeli-American psychologist, Daniel Kahneman, found that people would rather
do business with a person they like and trust rather than someone they don’t,
even if the likeable person is offering a lower quality product or service at a
higher price."
(Jensen, 2012)
·
"IQ
alone is not enough; EQ also matters. In fact, psychologists generally agree
that among the ingredients for success, IQ counts for roughly 10% (at best
25%); the rest depends on everything else—including EQ."
(Bressert, 2007)
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